What is the difference between a global variable and a module-level variable in Python?
Gable E

In Python, a global variable and a module-level variable are both variables that are accessible from multiple parts of a program. However, there are some key differences in their scope and usage. 1. Global Variable: A global variable is a variable that is defined outside any function or class, at the top level of a module. It is accessible throughout the entire program, including all functions, methods, and classes within the module. Global variables are declared without any special syntax. Here's an example of a global variable in Python:

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# Global variable
global_var = 10

def my_function():
    print(global_var)  # Accessing a global variable

class MyClass:
    def __init__(self):
   print(global_var)  # Accessing a global variable

my_function()  # Output: 10
obj = MyClass()  # Output: 10

In the above code,global_var is a global variable defined at the top level of the module. It can be accessed and modified from any part of the program, including functions, methods, and classes. Global variables are shared among all parts of the program, and changes made to them in one place are reflected everywhere. 2. Module-Level Variable: A module-level variable is a variable that is defined at the top level of a module, just like a global variable. However, it is typically defined within a specific module and is intended to be used within that module only. It has a scope that is limited to the module itself. Here's an example of a module-level variable in Python:

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# Module-level variable
module_var = 20

def my_function():
    print(module_var)  # Accessing a module-level variable

class MyClass:
    def __init__(self):
   print(module_var)  # Accessing a module-level variable

my_function()  # Output: 20
obj = MyClass()  # Output: 20

In the above code,module_var is a module-level variable defined at the top level of the module. It can be accessed and modified within the module, including its functions, methods, and classes. However, it is not accessible outside the module. To access a module-level variable from another module, you need to import the module and use the appropriate syntax, such asmodule_name.variable_name. To summarize, the key differences between a global variable and a module-level variable in Python are: - Scope: A global variable is accessible throughout the entire program, while a module-level variable is limited to the module where it is defined. - Usage: Global variables are intended to be shared and accessed from different parts of the program, while module-level variables are typically used within the specific module where they are defined. - Access from other modules: Global variables can be accessed from other modules without explicitly importing the module, while module-level variables require importing the module and using the appropriate syntax. Understanding the distinction between global variables and module-level variables helps in organizing and managing data within a module and controlling its accessibility across the program.

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